Textile Classes

Here some reason are described which are responsible for various problem on Dyeing or the problems assosiated with hard water on the fabric or Textile yarn.

1. Scale Formation in Boiler: Temporary hardness creates CaCO3 and Mg (OH)2 in a boiler and in time accumulates in the form of scale.
a) Ca (HCO3)2  CaCo3
b) Mg (HCo3) MgCO3 + Co2 + H2O
c) MgCO3H2OMg (OH)2 + Co2

Here [CaCo3 + Mg (OH)2] is called scale.

2. Heat Loss: Due to scale in the pipe, fuel consumption increases, thus heat loss is occurred. Again scale formation reduces thermal conductivity. Local overheating under the scale causes softening and ultimate tube failure.
3. Corrosion of Boiler: In boiler, Co2 reacts with the iron (in presence of dissolved O2), forming FeCO3 which hydrolyses to Fe(OH)2.
Fe + H2O + CO2  FeCO3 + H2
FeCo3 + H2O  Fe(OH)2 +CO2

4. Wastage of Soap & Detergent: Ca and Mg salt react with soap and lather is not formed easily. The reaction of it is-
R-CooNa + CaSO4  ( R.Coo)2Ca + Na2SO4

5. Reaction with Dyestuff: The reactive groups present in dyes, react with Na, Ca, Mg, Fe of hard water. This causes wastages of dye, produces duller shade and faulty dyeing. Sequestering agent is added to prevent it.
6. Deposition on Textile Material: Soap reacts with hard water and produces insoluble salts which deposit on the fabric during scouring. These salts do hard and un-flexible the fabric.

The above mentioned facts are the what’s the main problem of using hard water.

Related Topics:

1. Water Hardness|Water hardness test Kit or Tester for wet processing ( Textile Dyeing )
2. Source of Water & Features that used in wet processing ( Dyeing)
3. Water Hardness factor while dyeing fabric or textile yarn
4. Control of Water Standard quality in Textile Processing
5. Process Flow-Chart of Wet Processing Technology | Dyeing Flowchart

Dyeing, Textile Pre-treatment